基于状态观测的变量柱塞泵LQ最优控制

张宁宁，李雅慧，赵国强，郑戍华，王向周

（北京理工大学自动化学院，北京100081）

摘要：针对变量柱塞泵传统控制方法难以实现快速性、稳定性、鲁棒性的兼顾，也不能估计并利用泵的状态参数进行全生命周期内的性能优化等问题，提出了一种基于状态观测器的变量柱塞泵流量LQ最优控制（Linear Quadratic Optimal Control）方法，在改善泵控制性能的同时实现了泵不可测状态参数的在线估计。以A4VSO40柱塞泵为例，建立了变量柱塞泵的数学模型，以状态误差和控制输入的二次型约束为性能指标，设计了变量柱塞泵流量的LQ最优控制器，针对实际中因测量条件或成本限制难以测得全部状态参数以及测量噪声等问题，设计并引入了卡尔曼滤波状态观测器。仿真结果表明，所提出的基于状态观测器的LQ最优控制方法不仅可以实现状态参数的估计、减小噪声对状态参数估计的影响，而且相较于PID控制和LQ最优控制，流量阶跃响应的超调量分别下降了24%和5%，验证了所提控制方法的有效性。

关键词：工程机械；变量柱塞泵；LQ优化控制；状态观测器

中图分类号：TH137；TP249文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0001-06

LQ Optimal Control of Variable Piston Pump Based on State Observation

ZHANG Ning-ning，LI Ya-hui，ZHAO Guo-qiang，ZHENG Shu-hua，WANG Xiang-zhou

(School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China)

Abstract: The traditional control method for variable piston pump is difficult to achieve the balance of rapidity, stability and robustness, and cannot estimate and use the pump state parameters for optimization in the whole operation cycle. Accordingly, a linear quadratic optimal control strategy based on state observer for variable piston pump was proposed, which improved the control performance of the pump and realized the online estimation of unobservable pump state parameters. Firstly, the mathematical model of A4VSO variable piston pump was analyzed and established. Then a LQ optimal controller based on the quadratic constraint of state error and control input was designed to control the flow rate of the variable piston pump. Finally, in order to solve the problem of measurement noise and the difficulty of measuring all state parameters due to the measurement condition or cost limitation, the Kalman filter state observer was designed and introduced to eliminate the noise and reduce the dependence on the model. Simulation results show that the proposed method can realize the estimation of state parameters and reduce the noise influence on state parameters estimation. The overshoot decreased by 24% and 5% respectively compared with PID control and LQ optimal control, which can verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Key words: construction machinery; variable piston pump; LQ optimal control; state observer

绞车气动水冷盘式刹车应用的控制设计

赵博^1,2，张伟^1,2，郭乾坤^1,2，刘静^1,2，侯文辉^1,2，张朔华^1,2

(1.宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司，陕西宝鸡721002；

2.中油国家油气钻井装备工程技术研究中心有限公司，陕西宝鸡721002)

摘要：国内石油钻机用绞车的刹车主要采用液压盘式刹车，液压盘式刹车具有价格低廉、功能稳定、技术成熟等优点，但同时具有对环境不友好、响应缓慢、空间占用大等无法避免的缺点。气动水冷盘式刹车在国外钻机上已得到广泛且成熟的应用，且基本取代了液压盘式刹车，然而由于国内石油行业对气动盘式刹车存在认识上的局限，因此尚未形成成熟的应用技术，随着钻井公司国际业务的增多，此项技术的应用有着良好的潜力，此外，也更适用于环保化项目钻机上（如地热钻机等）。

关键词：液压盘式刹车；气动盘式刹车；国内行业应用；地热钻机；环保

中图分类号：TH138文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0006-05

Control Design of Air Applied Water-cooled Disk Brakes Application on Drawwork

ZHAO Bo^1,2, ZHANG Wei ^1,2, GUO Qian-kun^1,2, LIU Jing^1,2, HOU Wen-hui^1,2, ZHANG Shuo-hua^1,2

(1. National Oil and Gas Drilling Equipment Research Center, Baoji721002, China;

2. Baoji Oilfield Machinery Co., Ltd., Baoji721002, China)

Abstract: The Hydraumatic-applied disk brakes has been applied widely on drawwork of oil rig inland, which has advantage including cheap price, steady function, technology proficiently, but disadvantage including unfriendly to environment, reaction lag, more space to occupy. Air-applied water-cooled disk brakes has been applied widely and proficiently on rig abroad, and displace the hydraumatic-applied disk brakes basically,But for our nation, the development of this technology is backward because of the limitation of concept, so there is no applied technology in this area. The air-applied water-cooled disk brakes applied is well potential with the increase of drilling business for drilling company inland and the following changes of concept, in addition, It is also more suitable for rig of environmental protection projects (such as geothermy rig etc).

Key words: hydraumatic-applied disk brakes; air-applied disk brakes; application for industry inland; geothermy rig; environmental protection

汽轮机缸体水压试验装置的设计研究

王俊青¹，鞠海华²，王小鹏³，李青海⁴

（1.北京城市学院信息学部，北京101309； 2.北京城市学院培训中心，北京101309；

3.中国寰球工程公司，北京100029；4.山东齐鲁电机制造有限公司，山东济南250100）

摘要：水压试验作为汽轮机必要的检验手段，主要检验汽轮机部件的密封性和耐压强度。设计了相应型号的水压试验装置，制定合理的工艺技术方案，通过强度计算优化相应的工装结构，选择合适的供压设备，制定相关的工艺规程，从而实现部件缺陷检测的功能。

关键词： 汽轮机；水压试验；工装设计；强度计算

中图分类号：TB42文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0011-05

The Research and Design for the Hydraulic Test Device of the Steam Turbine Cylinder

WANG Jun-qing¹，JU Hai-hua²，WANG Xiao-peng³，LI Qing-hai⁴

(1. School of Information Science and Engineering， Beijing City University， Beijing101309, China；

2. Training center， Beijing City University， Beijing101309，China；

3. China Huanqiu Contracting & Engineering Co., Beijing100029, China;

4. Shandong Qilu Electrical Machinery Manufacture Co., Ltd., Jinan250100, China)

Abstract: As a necessary inspection means of steam turbine, the hydraulic test mainly tests the tightness and compressive strength of steam turbine components. The corresponding type of hydraulic test device was designed, the reasonable technological plan was made, the corresponding tooling structure was optimized through strength calculation, the appropriate pressure supply equipment was selected, and the relevant technological procedures were formulated, so as to realize the function of component defect detection.

Key words: steam turbine； hydraulic test； tooling design； strength calculation

五级油气混输泵转速对动叶片气体分布的影响

马希金，张立传，宛航，韩作鹏

（兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州730050）

摘要：为了对油气混输泵内部流场进行数值模拟，建立了全流场三维模型，数值模拟计算时采用Mixture模型，湍流计算模型选用标准k-ε湍流模型，压力-速度耦合计算采用Simple算法。通过对流量、转速、含气率这三个性能参数的改变，探讨不同转速下，动叶的速度、压力、相态分布。结果表明：随转速的增加，叶片背面的低压区会扩大，气体在叶片中部的聚集越明显。

关键词： 油气混输泵；数值模拟；转速；动叶

中图分类号：TH137；TH312文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0015-04

The Influence of Five-stage Oil-gas Mixed Pump Rotating Speed on Moving Blade Gas Distribution

MA Xi-jin，ZHANG Li-chuan，WAN Hang, HAN Zuo-peng

(School of Energy and Power Engineering， Lanzhou Univ. of Tech., Lanzhou730050, China)

Abstract: In order to simulate the flow field of the oil and gas multiphase pump, we establish a full three-dimensional model of the flow field. When numerical simulation calculations use a Mixture model, turbulence computing model selection standard k-ε turbulence model, pressure-speed coupling calculation adopts Simple algorithm. From changing the flow rate, rotational speed, gas rates in these three performance parameters. We try to explore the rotor blades' velocity, pressure, phase distribution in different rotational speeds. The results show that with the rotational speed increasing, low pressure area on the back of leaves will be expanded, gas gathering more obvious in the middle of the leaves.

Key words: oil-gas multiphase pump; numerical simulation； rotational speed； rotor blade

农用机械四轮液压驱动同步控制仿真分析

杜威，罗瑜，穆洪云，邓行

（贵州大学机械工程学院，贵州贵阳550025）

摘要：随着“精准农业”的实施，农用机械自动驾驶已经成为实现精准农业的必然选择。对于农用机械四轮液压驱动系统，要求其在行走时具有良好的直线行驶性、高准确性和可靠性，该文采用主从控制和模糊自适应PID控制对4个驱动马达进行同步控制。首先建立农用机械四轮液压驱动系统模型，其次在AMESim中建立该模型，并用MATLAB/Simulink模块建立主从控制和模糊自适应PID控制仿真模型，最后进行联合仿真并分析系统同步性和鲁棒性。仿真结果显示：系统启动后1.5 s时达到稳定的目标转速，达到稳定的目标转速前最大超调量为4.6%，达到稳定的目标转速后同步误差均小于0.5 r/min。当系统负载发生波动时，系统在0.8 s内达到稳定的目标转速，达到稳定的目标转速后同步误差均小于0.5 r/min。故对于农用机械四轮液压驱动系统，采用主从控制和模糊自适应PID控制，能够实现响应速度快，超调量小，鲁棒性好，能够保证农用机械行走时具有良好的直线行驶性、高准确性和可靠性。

关键词：四轮液压驱动；模糊PID ；同步控制；联合仿真

中图分类号：TH137；TP273+.4文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0019-07

Simulation Analysis of Four Wheel Drive Synchronous Control for Agricultural Machinery

DU Wei，LUO Yu，MU Hong-yun，DENG Hang

(School of Mechanical Engineering，Guizhou University，Guiyang550025, China)

Abstract: With the implementation of “precision agriculture”, automatic driving of agricultural machinery has become an inevitable choice to realize precision agriculture. For the four-wheel hydraulic drive system of agricultural machinery, it is required to have good linear driving performance, high accuracy and reliability when walking. In this paper, master-slave control and fuzzy adaptive PID control are used to synchronize the four drive motors. Firstly, the model of four-wheel hydraulic drive system of agricultural machinery is established. Secondly, the model is established in AMESim, and the simulation models of master-slave control and fuzzy adaptive PID control are established with MATLAB/Simulink module. Finally, the synchronization and robustness of the system are analyzed by co-simulation. The simulation results show that the system reaches the stable target speed 1.5 s after starting, the maximum overshoot before reaching the stable target speed is 4.6%, and the synchronization error after reaching the stable target speed is less than 0.5 r/min. When the system load fluctuates, the system reaches the stable target speed in 0.8 s, and the synchronization error is less than 0.5 r/min after reaching the stable target speed. Therefore, for the four-wheel hydraulic drive system of agricultural machinery, the master-slave control and fuzzy adaptive PID control can achieve fast response, small overshoot, good robustness, and ensure that the agricultural machinery has good linear driving performance, high accuracy and reliability.

Key words: four wheel hydraulic； fuzzy PID adaptation； synchronous control； co-simulation

基于动网格的液压缸无杆腔节流缓冲数值模拟

苏占科¹，徐超²，姜小放²，叶恒波²，张克平¹

（1.甘肃农业大学机电工程学院，甘肃兰州730070；

2.娄底市中兴液压件有限公司，湖南娄底417000）

摘要：为优化液压缸节流缓冲机构设计参数，改善液压缸缓速腔产生噪声、震动、对整机操作舒适度的影响，以液压缸无杆腔节流缓冲区域为研究对象，对液压缸缓速腔进行模型简化，应用Fluent动网格及UDF（用户自定义函数）编程技术对液压缸无杆腔节流缓冲区域进行数值模拟。结果表明，缓速腔压力最大值随着活塞初速度的增大而增大，缓速腔涡旋产生的数量随活塞初速度增加而增加。研究结果对液压缸缓速腔噪声和震动分析，以及结构的设计优化提供了理论参考依据。

关键词： 液压缸；缓速腔；Fluent；动网格

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0025-05

Numerical Simulation of Rodless Cavity Throttling Buffer for

Hydraulic Cylinder Based on Dynamic Grid

SU Zhan-ke¹，XU Chao²，JIANG Xiao-fang²，YE Heng-bo²，ZHANG Ke-ping¹

(1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou730070, China;

2. Loudi Zhongxing Hydraulic Parts Co., Ltd., Loudi417000, China)

Abstract: In order to optimize the design parameters of the throttle buffer mechanism of the hydraulic cylinder, and improve the influence of noise and vibration generated by the retarding chamber of the hydraulic cylinder on the operating comfort of the whole machine, the throttle buffer region of the rod-less chamber of the hydraulic cylinder was taken as the research object, the model of the retarding chamber of the hydraulic cylinder was simplified, and Fluent dynamic grid and UDF (user-defined function) programming technology were used to numerically simulate the throttling buffer region of the rod-less cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. The results show that the maximum pressure of the retarder chamber increases with the increase of the initial velocity of the piston, and the number of vortices in the retarder chamber increases with the increase of the initial velocity of the piston, which provides a theoretical reference for the noise and vibration of the retarder chamber and the design optimization of the structure of the cylinder.

Key words: hydraulic cylinder; slow cavity; fluent; dynamic mesh

液压油防锈性能研究

刘中国¹，李新照²，张玲³，李猛¹，朱江¹，苗新峰¹

（1.中国石油大连润滑油研究开发中心液压油汽轮机油船用油重点实验室，辽宁大连116031；

2.中国石油济南润滑油销售分公司，山东济南250000；

3.中国石油天然气股份有限公司成都润滑油分公司，四川成都610083）

摘要：液压设备种类繁多、工况复杂、使用环境多变，针对液压油进水之后的防锈性要求，通过比较工业润滑油与水相关的评价方法，尤其是对比国内外液压油标准中防锈性能要求，确定最为严格的评价手段。通过48 h合成海水液相锈蚀和水洗防锈试验筛选液压油，为海洋、隧道等苛刻工况下的液压系统要求提供用油指导。

关键词：液压油；液相锈蚀；水洗防锈；标准

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0030-04

Study on Antirust Performance of Hydraulic Oil

LIU Zhong-guo¹, LI Xin-zhao², ZHANG Ling³, LI Meng¹, ZHU Jiang¹, MIAO Xin-feng¹

(1. Dalian Lubricating Oil Research & Development Institute, Key Laboratory of Lubricating Oil,

PetroChina, Dalian116031, China;

2. PetroChina Jinan Lubricating Oil Sales Branch Company, Jinan250000,China;

3. PetroChina Chengdu lubricating oil branch company, Chengdu610083, China)

Abstract: There are many kinds of hydraulic equipment, complex working conditions and variable operating environments. In view of the rust prevention requirements of hydraulic oil after water inflow, the most stringent evaluation method is determined by comparing the evaluation methods related to industrial lubricating oil when it meets water, especially the rust prevention performance requirements in domestic and foreign hydraulic oil standards. Through the 48-hour synthetic seawater liquid phase corrosion and water washing rust prevention test, the hydraulic oil is screened to provide oil guidance for the hydraulic system requirements under harsh working conditions such as ocean and tunnel.

Key words: hydraulic oil; liquid phase corrosion; water washing rust prevention; standard

基于文丘里式流量计的结构可靠性数值分析

尹丰¹，闫嘉钰¹，魏中正²，韩伟²，王海兵³，王震³

Numerical Analysis of Structural Reliability Based on Venturi Flowmeter

YIN Feng¹, YAN Jia-yu¹, WEI Zhong-zheng², HAN Wei², WANG Hai-bing³, WANG Zhen³

（1.中海油研究总院有限责任公司，北京100028；

2.兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州730050;

3.海默科技（集团）股份有限公司，甘肃兰州730010）

摘要：该文以海默科技研发的某型文丘里式流量计为研究对象，通过使用ANSYS对多相流量计进行有限元分析，对过流承压段在极端载荷下，分别在水深为200 m、300 m、400 m的情况下进行静力学分析，得到在各深度下应力、应变及总体变形的最大值分别为146.3 MPa、0.000 73 mm、0.0152 mm；结合静学分析结果，通过瞬态动力学分析了过流承压段在400 m水深下应力、应变及总体变形， 通过数值计算得到应力、应变值最大分别为186.2 MPa、0.020 mm。通过有限元分析，所有工况所受最大应力均小于材料屈服应力，结构变形小于0.1%，并通过试验验证，表明其结构可靠性符合要求。

关键词： 文丘里式流量计；过流承压段；应力；应变；总体变形

某型气动密封设备长贮适应性设计及试验研究

孟婧，何刘宇，孟博，刘健，王建秋

（北京航天发射技术研究所，北京100076）

摘要：为了确保加注后的产品长期贮存期间其内部气动密封设备的安全性和可靠性，对气动设备中主要元器件在长期贮存时的使用要求进行了分析，开展了相应的长贮性能试验及气氛试验。试验结果表明，在长贮环境特性下对气动设备及其密封材料所采取的适应性改进措施有效，产品及其密封件满足长期贮存工况下对酸性气体的抗腐蚀能力。

关键词： 气动密封设备；长期贮存；适应性；研究

中图分类号：TH138;TB42文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0038-05

Long-term Stored Adaptability Design and Experimental Study of

Pneumatic Sealing Equipments

MENG Jing, HE Liu-yu, MENG Bo, LIU Jian, WANG Jian-qiu

（Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology, Beijing100076, China）

Abstract: Addressing as the security and reliability of the pneumatic sealing equipments which need to storage long-term, the operation requirements with long-term of the main components in pneumatic sealing equipments were researched. And the long-term stored performances and atmosphere experiments were carried on. The experiments results showed that the adaptive improvement measures for the pneumatic equipments and sealing materials were effective. In the long-term stored working condition, the sealing elements had good corrosion resistance ability in acidic gas environment.

Key words: pneumatic sealing equipments; long-term stored; adaptability; study

气动调节阀声振耦合强度分析研究

陈国顺¹，陈素婷¹，张淼²

(1.永嘉县泵阀科技创新服务中心，浙江温州325105；

2.温州大学机电工程学院苍南研究院，浙江温州325035）

摘要：根据LES和FW-H声学比拟理论，采用计算流体力学数值模拟软件，研究调节阀在相同流量，30%、60%、100%开度和不同流量，在1 kg/s、2 kg/s和3 kg/s质量流率下的阀门内部噪声特性和声振耦合情况下的结构强度分析。结果表明：阀门开度越小，速度越大阀门内部流场波动越大，声压分贝越高，结构强度越低；阀门开度越大，质量流率越小，噪声分贝越低，结构强度越高。

关键词： 气动；调节阀；噪声；声学比拟；声振；耦合

中图分类号：TH138文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0042-05

Analysis and Research on Acoustic Vibration Coupling Strength of Pneumatic Control Valve

CHEN Guo-shun¹， CHEN Su-ting¹， ZHANG Miao²

(1. Yongjia Pump & Valve Technical Innovation Service Center， Wenzhou325105, China;

2. Research Institute of Wenzhou University, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,

Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325035, China)

Abstract: According to the acoustic comparison theory of LES and FW-H, the numerical simulation software of computational fluid dynamics is used to study the regulating valve at the same flow rate, 30%, 60%, 100% opening and different flow rates, at 1 kg/s, 2 kg/s and 3 kg/s Internal noise characteristics of the valve at s mass flow rate and structural strength analysis in the case of acoustic-vibration coupling. The results show that: the smaller the valve opening, the greater the velocity, the greater the fluctuation of the internal flow field of the valve, the higher the sound pressure decibel, and the lower the structural strength; the larger the valve opening, the smaller the mass flow rate, the lower the noise decibel, and the lower the structural strength is higher.

Key words: pneumatic; regulating valve; noise; acoustic analogy; sound vibration; coupling

一种进油正压、高转速、宽温域小排量双联齿轮泵的优化设计

郑金朝，徐其俊，陈文辉，邓玉

（合肥长源液压股份有限公司，安徽合肥230011）

摘要：针对一种吸油口为正压的齿轮泵，在某些特定主机工况条件下，要求齿轮泵具有高转速、高压、宽温域、高容积效率。通过优化整体结构和齿轮参数、浮动轴套采用双向密封结构、采用PTFE组合油封，解决产品高压、高温工况下容积效率，提高承载能力宽温域环境适应能力。

关键词： 齿轮泵；进油正压；气蚀；宽温域；优化设计

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0047-06

Optimization Design of a Double Gear Pump with Positive Oil Inlet Pressure,

High Rotation Speed, Wide Temperature Range and Small Displacement

ZHENG Jin-zhao, XU Qi-jun, CHEN Wen-hui, DENG Yu

(Hefei Changyuan Hydraulic Co., Ltd., Hefei230011, China)

Abstract: For a gear pump with positive pressure at the oil suction port, it is required to have high speed, high pressure, wide temperature range and high volumetric efficiency under certain operating conditions of the main engine. By optimizing the overall structure and gear parameters, adopting a two-way sealing structure for the floating shaft sleeve, and adopting a PTFE combined oil seal, the volumetric efficiency of the product under high pressure and high temperature conditions is solved, and the bearing capacity and adaptability to the environment in a wide temperature range are improved.

Key words: gear pump; positive oil inlet pressure; cavitation; wide temperature range; optimal design

卧式废纸打包机液压系统的可靠性分析

李明通，王守城，易炳辉

（青岛科技大学机电工程学院，山东青岛266061）

摘要：卧式废纸打包机工作过程中的预压、闸门升降以及压缩推出等动作，都是由液压系统驱动完成的。介绍了卧式废纸打包机的工作过程，并对其液压系统的工作原理进行了分析；建立了各个部分以及总液压系统的可靠度模型，通过计算，得到整个系统的平均无故障工作时间为6980.1 h；通过MATLAB 仿真，得出各部分工作过程中的可靠度曲线以及整个液压系统的可靠度曲线。

关键词： 卧式废纸打包机；液压系统；可靠性；分析

中图分类号：TH137.1文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0052-05

Reliability Analysis of Hydraulic System for Horizontal Waste Paper Baler

LI Ming-tong，WANG Shou-cheng，YI Bing-hui

(College of Electromechanical and Engineering，Qingdao University of Science and Technology，

Qingdao266061, China)

Abstract: During the working process of the horizontal waste paper baler, the actions such as pre-compression, gate lifting and compression push-out are all driven by the hydraulic system. Introduced the working process of the horizontal waste paper baler, and analyzed the working principle of its hydraulic system; established the reliability model of each part and the total hydraulic system, and calculated the mean time between failures of the system; and through MATLAB simulation, the reliability curve of each part of the working process and the reliability curve of the entire hydraulic system are obtained.

Key words: horizontal waste paper baler; hydraulic system; reliability; analysis

国标GB/T 25127.1-2020中低环境温度空气源热泵

（冷水）机组全年性能系数试验和计算方法解析

刘宇轩¹，陆婷婷¹，王鲁平¹，李宏哲¹，刘磊²

（1.合肥通用机械研究院有限公司，安徽合肥230000；

2.依米康科技集团股份有限公司，四川成都610041）

摘要：详细解读了GB/T 25127.1-2020《低环境温度空气源热泵（冷水）机组 第1部分：工业或商业用及类似用途的热泵（冷水）机组》中APF的测试和计算方法，为广大从业工作者能更好地理解和运用标准提供了参考。

关键词：低温热泵；全年性能系数；测试；计算方法

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0057-05

Test and Calculation Method of APF Analysis for Low Ambient Temperature

Air Source Heat Pump (Water Chiller) Packages

LIU Yu-xuan¹, LU Ting-ting¹, WANG Lu-ping¹, LI Hong-zhe¹, LIU Lei²

(1. Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hefei230000, China;

2. Yimicang Technology Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu610041, China）

Abstract: The test and calculation methods of APF in GB/T 25127.1-2020 “low ambient temperature air source heat pump (water chiller) pakages Part 1: Heat pump (water chiller) pakages for industrial & commercial and similar application” are explained in detail, which provides reference for the majority of practitioners to better understand and use the standard.

Key words: low temperature heat pump; APF; test; calculation method

液压型医用牵引床控制系统设计与研究

王青天

（四川省资阳市精神病医院，四川资阳641300）

摘要：当前国内外医用牵引床控制模式通常采用单片机-电气-机械的结构形式，该模式存在驱动平稳性差、设置复杂、结构质量大、误差大、噪声大等问题。为此，设计了新型的通过计算机闭环控制系统及双液压缸控制系统实现控制的医用牵引床。分析了系统工作原理及结构构成，研究了计算机闭环控制系统框架及双液压缸液压系统工作原理。该设计实现了牵引床的旋转、倾角、摆角、牵引动作多功能控制。所设计牵引床降低了控制中的噪声及振动，控制过程平稳、控制精度高，从主观和客观上均弱化了患者使用中的疼痛感，提高了患者治疗过程中的舒适性。

关键词： 液压控制系统；医用牵引床；计算机控制系统；闭环控制；双液压缸系统

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0062-04

Design and Research of Hydraulic Medical Traction Bed Control System

WANG Qing-tian

（Sichuan Ziyang Psychiatric Hospital, Ziyang641300, China)

Abstract: At present, the control mode of medical traction bed at home and abroad usually adopts the structural form of single chip microcomputer electrical machinery. This mode has some problems, such as poor driving stability, complex setting, large structural quality, large error, large noise and so on. Therefore, a new type of medical traction bed controlled by computer closed-loop control system and double hydraulic cylinder control system is designed. The working principle and structure of the system are analyzed, and the framework of computer closed-loop control system and the working principle of double hydraulic cylinder hydraulic system are studied. The design realizes the multi-functional control of the rotation, swing angle, inclination and traction action of the traction bed. The traction bed reduces the noise and vibration in the control, and the control process is stable. The control precision is high, which weakens the pain of patients subjectively and objectively, and improves the comfort of patients in the treatment process.

Key words: hydraulic control system; medical traction bed; computer control system; closed loop control; double hydraulic cylinder system

端部连接耐火弯曲试验用弯矩加载装置的设计

王剑，范宜霖，雷艳，张继伟，陈凤官

（合肥通用机械研究院有限公司，安徽合肥230031）

摘要：针对相关标准要求考核端部连接件在耐火弯曲试验中弯矩测试的需求，设计了一套燃烧工况下液压弯矩加载装置。该装置包括被试件安装组件、弯矩加载系统、液压动力站、移动推送平台和远程操作控制系统等。文章介绍了相关标准的解析、总体方案的设计、组件材料的选择和液压加载系统的计算和设计，并研究和总结了试验方法，实现了一套端部连接耐火弯曲试验用弯矩加载装置的工程应用，证明了该装置完全满足相关标准的试验需求，对其他燃烧工况下连接件承压性能试验系统的弯矩加载设计及试验方法的优化具有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。

关键词： 端部连接；燃烧工况；弯曲试验；弯矩加载；液压动力

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0065-05

Study on Fire Test System and Test Method for Valve End Connection

WANG Jian， FAN Yi-lin， LEI Yan， ZHANG Ji-wei， CHEN Feng-guan

(Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hefei230031, China)

Abstract: According to the requirements of relevant standards to examine the bending moment test of end connectors in fire-resistant bending test, a set of hydraulic bending moment loading device under combustion condition is designed. The device comprises a test piece installation assembly, a bending moment loading assembly, a hydraulic power station Mobile push platform and remote operation control system. This paper introduces the analysis of relevant standards, the design of the overall scheme, the selection of component materials and the calculation and design of the hydraulic loading system, and studies and summarizes the test methods. It realizes the engineering application of a set of bending moment loading device for end connection fire-resistant bending test, which proves that the device fully meets the test requirements of relevant standards, It has certain reference significance and reference value for the bending moment loading design and test method optimization of the pressure bearing performance test system of the connector under other combustion conditions.

Key words: end connection; combustion conditions; bending test; bending moment loading； hydraulic power

基于Simcenter-AMESim的履带行走系统液压参数预测

董致新^1,2，孔维涛^1,2，郭志敏^1,2

（1.林德液压（中国）有限公司，山东潍坊261205; 2.潍柴动力股份有限公司，山东潍坊261061）

摘要：履带行走系统的负载波动大，真实的负载情况在液压马达设计中很难获得。该文以某型挖掘机液压驱动履带行走系统为研究对象，在Simcenter-AMESim中搭建了履带多体动力系统和行走液压驱动系统，以获得履带驱动过程中的动态载荷谱，在此基础上对液压马达的性能参数进行对比分析，得到了行走马达驱动的流量、压力、扭矩和转速的动态参数，为马达设计提供更真实的输入。

关键词： 行走马达；履带；多体动力；液压挖掘机；动态载荷

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0069-04

Performance Parameters Prediction of Tracked Hydraulic Motor Based on Simcenter-AMESim

DONG Zhi-xin^1,2, KONG Wei-tao^1,2, GUO Zhi-min^1,2

(1. Linde Hydraulics (China) Co., Ltd., Weifang261205, China;

2. Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Weifang261061, China)

Abstract: The load of crawler walking system fluctuates greatly, and the real load is difficult to obtain in the design of hydraulic motor. In this paper, the hydraulic driven crawler walking system of an excavator is the research object, the crawler multi-body power system and walking hydraulic driving system are built in Simcenter-AMESim, obtain the dynamic load of crawler driving. On this basis, the performance parameters of the hydraulic motor are analyzed, such as flow, pressure and dynamic parameters of torque and speed provide more real input for motor design.

Key words: travel motor; track; multi-body dynamics; hydraulic excavator; dynamic load

制动气缸密封圈的动态性能分析与测试

杨立霞

（烟台汽车工程职业学院，山东烟台265500）

摘要：为改善制动气缸的密封性能，应用全氟醚O形圈，对其动态特性进行了仿真分析和实验测试。建立密封圈本构模型，基于ANSYS有限元分析得出压缩率、气缸压力、活塞速度和摩擦系数对接触应力的影响。搭建气缸摩擦性能测试台，得出不同气缸压力和活塞速度下的平均摩擦系数变化规律。结果表明，该材质的密封圈对于气压和压缩率的力学响应特性良好，摩擦稳定性较高。

关键词： 气缸；密封圈；接触应力；摩擦系数；力学性能

中图分类号：TH138;TB42;TG502.32文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0073-04

Analysis and Test of Dynamic Performance of Brake Cylinder Sealing Ring

YANG Li-xia

(Yantai Automotive Engineering Career Academy, Yantai265500, China)

Abstract: In order to improve the sealing performance of brake cylinder, perfluoroether O-ring was used to simulate and test its dynamic characteristics. The constitutive model of seal ring is established, and the effects of compression ratio, cylinder pressure, piston speed and friction coefficient on contact stress are obtained based on ANSYS finite element analysis. Build the cylinder friction performance test-bed, and get the variation law of the average friction coefficient under different cylinder pressure and piston speed. The results show that the seal ring has good mechanical response to air pressure and compressibility, and has high friction stability.

Key words: cylinder; seal ring; contact stress; friction coefficient; mechanical property

一种核级卡套接头的研制

励行根¹，李宝熠²，薛源²，励洁¹，刘金贵²，魏世军¹

（1.宁波天生密封件有限公司，浙江宁波315300； 2.中广核工程有限公司，广东深圳518000）

摘要：该文主要阐述了堆芯仪表管件用卡套接头的主要制造工艺和关键技术，以及水压试验、热循环试验等。

关键词： 堆芯仪表管件；卡套接头；制造

中图分类号：TH137；TH138文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0077-05

Development of a Nuclear Grade Clip Sleeve Joint

LI Xing-gen¹, LI Bao-yi², XUE Yuan², LI Jie¹, LIU Jin-gui², WEI Shi-jun¹

(1. Ningbo Tiansheng Sealing Packing Co., Ltd., Ningbo315300, China;

2. China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen518000, China)

Abstract: This paper introduces the main manufacturing process and technical key of double ferrule joint of core instrument pipe fittings, as well as hydrostatic test and thermal cycle test.

Key words: core instrument pipe fittings; ferrule joint; manufacture

2D液压泵换向机构设计

张聪超¹，张振炎²，韩警贤¹，姬耀锋¹，路超²

（1.郑州职业技术学院，河南郑州450199；

2.河南航天液压气动技术有限公司，河南郑州451191）

摘要：2D液压泵可将电机的转动转换成柱塞的转动和往复直线运动，文章设计了一种基于传动套筒的换向机构。通过设计计算和参数优化，确定了适用于加工传动套筒和连接拨叉的材料及零件参数，采用了具有MoS2涂层的ZCuSn10P1铜合金材料加工而成的套筒换向机构。试验结果表明该机构能够稳定有效地实现电机的转动向柱塞复合运动的转换。

关键词： 2D液压泵；传动套筒；换向机构；设计

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0081-03

Design of 2D Hydraulic Pump Reversing Mechanism

ZHANG Cong-chao¹, ZHANG Zhen-yan², HAN Jing-xian¹, JI Yao-feng¹, LU Chao²

(1. Zhengzhou Technical College, Zhengzhou450199, China;

2. Henan Aerospace Hydraulic and Pneumatic Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou451191, China)

Abstract: The 2D hydraulic pump can convert the rotation of the motor into the rotation and the reciprocating linear motion of the plunger. In this paper, a kind of reversing mechanism based on transmission sleeve is designed. Through design calculation and parameter optimization, the material and parts parameters suitable for processing the transmission sleeve and the connecting fork are determined. The sleeve reversing mechanism is made of ZCuSn10P1 copper alloy material with MoS2 coating. The test results show that the mechanism can stably and effectively realize the conversion from the rotation of the motor to the composite motion of the plunger.

Key words: 2D hydraulic pump; drive sleeve; reversing mechanism; design

基于核级双卡套管路接头的密封性能试验方法

液控单向阀阀芯结构优化设计

刘群，王丽鹏

（北京精密机电控制设备研究所航天伺服驱动与传动技术实验室， 北京100076）

摘要：为解决严酷环境中液压执行机构因两腔渗油引起的活塞杆位置偏移失控，针对某液控单向阀原阀芯结构的弊端进行了优化设计。通过采用非金属橡胶滚压成型和集成阀芯自平衡设计，优化设计出具有整体锥形软密封的高可靠液控单向阀，并进行了流道仿真分析和阀芯密封比压分析。试验结果表明，优化后的液控单向阀密封可靠、启闭顺畅，可确保伺服执行机构在任意位置都完全关闭。

关键词： 液控单向阀；阀芯结构；优化设计；仿真

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0090-04

Optimal Design of the Valve Core Structure for a Pilot Check Valve

LIU Qun，WANG Li-peng

（Laboratory of Aerospace Servo Actuation and Transmission，Beijing Institute of Precision Mechatronics

and Controls， Beijing100076, China）

Abstract: In order to solve the out of control displacement of piston rod caused by oil leakage in two chambers of hydraulic actuator in harsh environment, the optimization design was carried out for the disadvantages of the original valve-core structure of a pilot check valve. By using non-metallic rubber rolling forming and integrated valve-core self balancing design, a highly reliable pilot check valve with integral conical soft seal is optimized, and the flow channel simulation analysis and valve core seal specific pressure analysis are carried out. The test results show that the optimized hydraulic control check valve has reliable sealing and smooth opening and closing, which can ensure that the servo actuator is completely closed at any position.

Key words: pilot check valve; valve core structure; optimal design; simulation

基于数值计算的液压支架结构件强度校核方法

赵惟诚，郭永志，王进军，戴振东，杨立强

（中建八局第三建设有限公司，江苏南京210000）

摘要：当前普遍使用的液压支架结构件强度校核方法通常存在计算过程复杂且效率低下的问题，为解决此类问题，提高钢结构建筑施工的安全性，研究基于数值计算的液压支架结构件强度校核方法，准确校核液压支架结构件强度。分析液压支架结构件受力情况，通过多室薄壁构件描述液压支架顶梁、掩护梁与连杆等主要结构件，计算由轴向力、弯矩形成的正应力；通过构建一次方程组确定弯、扭组合荷载共同影响下壁上的剪应力，完成液压支架结构件的强度校核。为验证所研究方法的实际校核结果，以弯曲正/剪应力及扭转切应力作为对比目标，对比所研究方法校核结果与有限元分析方法校核结果，所研究方法结果与有限元分析方法校核结果具有较高一致度，说明所研究方法能够准确校核液压支架结构件强度。

关键词： 数值计算；液压支架；结构件；强度校核；正应力；组合荷载

中图分类号：TH137；TD355.41文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0094-05

Strength Checking Method of Hydraulic Support Structure

Based on Numerical Calculation

ZHAO Wei-cheng, GUO Yong-zhi, WANG Jin-jun, DAI Zhen-dong, YANG Li-qiang

（The Third Construction Co., Ltd. of China Construction Eighth Engineering Bureau, Nanjing210000, China)

Abstract: The strength calibration method of hydraulic support structural parts commonly used currently generally has complex and inefficient problems in the calculation process. To resolve this problem, improve the safety of steel structure construction, study the strength calibration method of hydraulic support structural parts based on numerical calculation, and accurately check the strength of hydraulic support structural parts. Analyze the stress condition of hydraulic support structure, describe the main structural parts such as top beam, cover beam and rod, and calculate the positive stress formed by axial force and bending moment; determine the shear stress, and complete the strength verification of the hydraulic support structural parts. In order to verify the actual calibration results of the studied method, taking bending positive / shear stress and torsion shear stress as the comparison goal, comparing the calibration results of the studied method and the calibration results of the FEM analysis method, indicating that the studied method can accurately check the strength of the hydraulic support structure parts.

Key words: numerical calculation; hydraulic support; structural members; strength check; normal stress; combined load

稳定减震器内部轴套移位问题分析及改进

王雪，金磊

（中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司，陕西西安710089)

摘要：该文针对外场多起稳定减震器定期维护时无法正常换油问题进行分析，通过故障件返厂检查及理论计算，原因确定为稳定减震器端盖与柱塞轴套间油气混合腔处存在高压气体，导致活塞无法运动到位，堵塞充气活门，最终制定解决措施。

关键词： 起落架；稳定减震器；定期维护；改进

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0099-03

Analysis and Improvement on Displacement of Inner Shaft Sleeve for Stabilizer Shock Absorber

WANG Xue, JIN Lei

（AVIC Xi'an Aircraft Industry Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an710089, China）

Abstract: In this paper, the problem of oil change can not be solved when the stable shock absorber is maintained regularly in the outfield. The reason is determined to stabilize the shock absorber end cover and the plunger bushing oil and gas mixing cavity between the existence of high-pressure gas, leading to the piston can not move in place, plug the inflatablevalve, and finally to formulate solutions.

Key words: landing gear; stabilizer shock absorber; regular maintenace; improvement

燕尾块自动压紧机构设计

杨海荣

（常州铁道高等职业技术学校轨道交通系，江苏常州213011）

摘要：设计了一种燕尾块自动压紧机构，该机构采用两个微型气缸驱动，斜楔顶压杆压推横向移动杆机构，实现两组带弹簧的斜面压紧块牢固压紧移动燕尾块工装。该机构实现了测试产品的全自动快速夹紧，保证了足够的压紧力和定位精度，测试过程稳定可靠，解决了设备长期手工旋动螺栓压紧不可靠的问题，提高了生产效率和测试精度。

关键词： 燕尾；自动；压紧机构；设计

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0101-02

The Design of Dovetail Block Automatic Pressing Mechanism

YANG Hai-rong

(The High Railway Professional Technical School of Chang Zhou， Rail Transit Department，

Changzhou213011， China)

Abstract: An automatic pressing mechanism of dovetail block is designed. The mechanism is driven by two micro cylinders and pushed by the wedge top pressure bar to push the transverse moving bar mechanism, so that two groups of spring inclined plane pressing blocks can firmly press the moving dovetail block tooling. The mechanism realizes the full-automatic fast clamping of test products, ensures sufficient pressing force and positioning accuracy, and the test process is stable and reliable. It solves the problem of unreliable pressing of long-term manual rotating bolts, and improves the production efficiency and test accuracy.

Key words: swallow tail; automatic; hold down mechanism; design

某核电厂汽轮机进汽调节阀运行中突然关闭原因分析

王兆明¹，马磊¹，车银辉¹，黄祥君²，冯徳虎²

Cause Analysis on Sudden Closing of Steam Turbine Inlet Control

Valve in a Nuclear Power Plant

WANG Zhao-ming1, MA Lei1, CHE Yin-hui1, HUANG Xiang-jun2, FENG De-hu2

（1.苏州热工研究院有限公司，广东深圳518026；

2.中广核核电运营有限公司，广东深圳518026）

摘要：针对某核电厂汽轮机进汽调节阀运行中突然关闭问题，文中对事件故障诊断分析采用了X-RAY、超声波、CT断层扫描等无损检测方法，结合电路分析与实际测试方法，通过交叉对比试验，逐步锁定了电液比例阀设备故障的具体位置。先导阀LVDT中的远算放大器TL741I反向输入端存在分层缺陷，导致引脚存在接触不良，时钟信号输出波动，LVDT输出位置反馈异常。

关键词： 调节阀；电液比例阀；先导阀；LVDT

中图分类号：TH137；TM933文献标志码：B文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0103-05

一种液压缸缸筒QPQ缺陷分析及应对措施

李文英¹，王培¹，丁大江¹，路世奇¹，蒋爱民²

（1.北京长征天民高科技有限公司，北京100023；2.北京航天发射技术研究所，北京100076）

摘要：油气弹簧产品将轮组和车架弹性的连接起来，是特种车辆底盘的重要组成部分，主要传递车轮和车架之间的垂向力。油气弹簧采用气体作为弹性介质，以油液来传递压力，能够缓和、衰减外力引起的车架振动，使车辆处于良好的工作环境中。油气弹簧缸筒QPQ处理，在零件表面形成一层致密的氮化层，使零件表面拥有良好的耐磨性能、耐腐蚀性、耐疲劳性。在实际产品中，QPQ缺陷时有发生，造成产品渗漏，寿命降低。

关键词： 油气弹簧；缸筒QPQ缺陷；降低寿命

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2022）11-0107-06

QPQ Defect Analysis and Countermeasures of a Hydraulic Cylinder Barrel

LI Wen-ying¹, WANG Pei¹, DING Da-jiang¹, LU Shi-qi¹, JIANG Ai-min²

（1. Beijing Long March Tianmin High-tech Co., Ltd., Beijing100023, China;

2. Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology, Beijing100076, China）

Abstract: Hydro pneumatic spring products connect the wheel set and the frame elastically. It is an important part of the chassis of special vehicles and mainly transmits the vertical force between the wheel and the frame. The hydro pneumatic spring uses gas as the elastic medium and uses oil to transmit pressure, which can mitigate and attenuate the frame vibration caused by external forces and make the vehicle in a good working environment. The oil-gas spring cylinder barrel is QPQ treated to form a dense nitriding layer on the surface of the part, so that the surface of the part has good wear resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance. In actual products, QPQ defects occur from time to time, resulting in product leakage and reduced service life.

Key words: hydro pneumatic spring; QPQ defect of cylinder barrel; reduced life