轴向柱塞泵配流盘摩擦副材料的磨损实验研究

李少年，包尚令，杨攀，李毅

(兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州730050)

摘要：轴向柱塞泵结构相对紧凑复杂，其可靠性与寿命的长短主要取决于三大摩擦副，缸体-配流盘摩擦副、缸体-柱塞摩擦副和斜盘-滑靴摩擦副，同时与该三对摩擦副的热处理工艺、加工精度以及配对材料相关，其中选用合理摩擦副材料最为重要。该文开展轴向柱塞泵缸体-配流盘摩擦副的磨损实验研究，选用缸体材料为烧结铜、ZQAL9-4，选用配流盘材料为25Cr3MoAl、18CrMnTi以及38CrMoAl，组成三对摩擦副，使用立式万能摩擦磨损试验机进行实验。结果发现以烧结铜、38CrMoAl为配对材料的摩擦副摩擦系数较低，且具有最小的磨损量，可以推荐作为轴向柱塞泵配流副材料选用，实验结果为解决配流盘磨损问题提供一定的参考性依据。

关键词：轴向柱塞泵；配流盘；摩擦副；摩擦系数；磨损量

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0001-04

Experimental Study on Friction Pairs Wear of Axial Piston Pump Port Plate

LI Shao-nian, BAO Shang-ling, YANG Pan, LI Yi

(College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou730050, China)

Abstract: The structure of axial piston pump is relatively compact and complex. The reliability and life of axial piston pump mainly depend on three friction pairs: the cylinder-port plate friction pair, the cylinder-piston friction pair and the inclined plate-slipper friction pair. At the same time, it is related to the heat treatment process, processing precision and matching material. The most important is to choose reasonable friction pair material. In this paper, the wear experiments of the friction pairs between the cylinder block and the port plate of an axial piston pump are carried out. The cylinder block is made of sintered copper, ZQAL9-4, and the port plate is made of 25Cr3MoAl, 18CrMnTi and 38CrMoAl, which forming three pairs of friction pair. The vertical universal friction and wear testing machine was used for the experiment. The results show that the friction coefficient of the friction pair made of sintered copper and 38CrMoAl is low and the wear loss is the minimum. The experimental results provide a certain reference for solving the wear problem of the port plate.

Key words: axial piston pump; port plate; friction pair; friction coefficient; wear loss

线控液压转向系统动态特性研究分析

陈成^1,2,3，张勇^1,2,3，孙占瑞^1,2,3，张宝海^1,2,3

（1.徐州工程机械集团有限公司，江苏徐州221004;

2.江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司，江苏徐州221004;

3.徐工集团高端工程机械智能制造国家重点实验室，江苏徐州221004）

摘要：该文根据线控液压转向系统工作原理建立液压系统仿真模型，采用电液比例PID控制方法，将车轮转角目标值与方向盘输入实际值的偏差作为输入进行控制。首先利用阿克曼定理进行理论分析，得出车轮最大转角和主动轮与从动轮转动角度关系，然后通过改变方向盘输入信号的频率、车速、伺服阀频率和额定流量、比例增益，对线控转向系统动态特性进行研究分析。最后对整车转向系统动态性能进行测试，并与仿真结果进行对比，结果表明仿真模型建立是正确的，为线控转向系统优化设计和分析提供理论支持。

关键词： PID；转向系统；阿克曼定理；动态特性

中图分类号：TH137.7文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0004-05

Simulation and Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of Hydraulic Steering-by-wire System

CHEN Cheng^1,2,3, ZHANG Yong^1,2,3, SUN Zhan-rui^1,2,3, ZHANG Bao-hai^1,2,3

（1. Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group Co., Ltd., Xuzhou221004, China;

2. Jiangsu XCMG Construction Machinery Institute Co., Ltd., Xuzhou221004, China;

3. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing of High-Level Construction Machinery, Xuzhou221004, China）

Abstract: In this paper, according to the working principle of the hydraulic steering-by-wire system, the simulation model of hydraulic system is established, the electro-hydraulic proportional PID control method is used, using the deviation between the target value of the wheel angle and the actual value of the steering wheel as input to control. Firstly, the maximum rotation angle of the wheel and the relation between the rotation angle of the active wheel and the driven wheel are obtained by using the Ackermann analysis. Secondly, by changing the frequency of the steering wheel angle signal, the speed, the frequency and rated flow of the servo solenoiod valve, proportional gain, the dynamic characteristics of the wire-controlled steering system are studied and analyzed. Finally, the dynamic performance of the vehicle steering system is tested and compared with the simulation results, it is proved that the simulation model is correct, to provide theoretical support for the optimization design and analysis of steering system.

Key words: PID; steering system; ackermann; dynamic characteristics

基于虚拟仪器的推土机液压测试系统研究

高立龙， 于雨， 陈欣鹏， 黄鹤

（陆军炮兵防空兵学院士官学校防空兵系， 辽宁沈阳110000）

摘要：针对某型推土机工作装置液压系统的常见故障，利用LabVIEW强大的函数功能、数值分析和信号处理能力，集成测试信号处理、专家系统、ADO数据库访问等技术，构建了基于虚拟仪器的液压测试系统，实现了信号的在线分析和动态波形显示。该测试系统操作方便、界面友好、开发周期短，为虚拟现实环境下的测试训练提供了一种可行的测试方法。

关键词： 虚拟仪器；液压系统；测试技术；工程机械

中图分类号：TH137;TH165文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0009-04

Research on Hydraulic Testing System of Bulldozer Based on Virtual Instrument

GAO Li-long， YU Yu， CHEN Xin-peng， HUANG He

(Army Artillery and Air Defense Forces Academy， Shenyang110000, China)

Abstract: For a certain type of bulldozer working device hydraulic system of the common faults, using LabVIEW powerful function, numerical analysis and signal processing ability, the integration test signal processing, expert system, such as ADO database access technology, hydraulic testing system based on virtual instrument is constructed, the dynamic signals of online analysis and waveform display. The test system is easy to operate, user-friendly, and has a short development cycle.

Key words: virtual instrument; hydraulic system; testing techniques; engineering machinery

方向盘记忆功能转向控制程序的开发

焦文瑞¹，邸钦¹，秦志文¹，张兆利²，王存堂²

（1.镇江液压股份有限公司，江苏镇江212021； 2.江苏大学，江苏镇江212013）

摘要：确定了方向盘记忆功能全液压转向器整体方案，根据方向盘和转向轮位置关系，确定了电磁阀对转向液压系统进行内泄漏补偿的策略，分析了方向盘和转向轮角传递比确定的影响因素，开发控制程序在新产品上使用，测试结果表明达到了记忆精度≤15°设计目标，有效解决了方向盘的滑移，实现了方向盘记忆功能。

关键词：方向盘记忆功能；内泄漏补偿；角传递比；开发

中图分类号：TH137.52文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0013-03

Development of Steering Control Program for Steering Wheel with Memory Function

JIAO Wen-rui1, DI Qin1, QIN Zhi-wen1, ZHANG Zhao-li2, WANG Cun-tang2

（Zhenjiang Hydraulics Co., Ltd.,Zhenjiang212021, China; Jiangsu University， Zhenjiang212013, China)

Abstract: The overall scheme of the steering wheel memory function hydraulic steering unit is determined. According to the position relationship between steering wheel and wheel, the strategy of compensating Internal leakage for steering hydraulic system by solenoid valve is determined. The influencing factors about ratio of angle transfer of steering wheel and wheel are analyzed. The control program is developed and used in new products. The test results show that the design goal of memory accuracy ≤15° is achieved, the steering wheel slip is effectively solved, and the steering wheel memory function is realized.

Key words: memory function of steering wheel; internal leakage compensating; ratio of angle transfer; development

液压试验台油源设计要点

邓江涛

（中国船舶重工集团公司第七○四研究所，上海200031）

摘要：液压试验台油源通用化设计，针对试验工况再对油源参数进行调节，如压力、流量。设计不当，极易能效低、噪声大。同时液压试验台具备自身特点：油源与试验操作台分开布置、要求低噪声。该文对液压试验台油源设计要点逐一阐述，方能设计出低噪声、高能效、调节方便之液压试验台油源。

关键词：液压试验台油源；通用化；能效；调节

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0016-05

Key Points of Oil Source Design for Hydraulic Test Bench

DENG Jiang-tao

(NO.704 Research Institute of China Ship Heavy Industry Group Company, Shanghai200031, China)

Abstract: Hydraulic test bench oil source general design, according to the test condidions to adjust the oil source parameters, such as pressure, flow. Improper design, extremely low energy efficiency and loud noise. At the same time, hydraulic test stand has its own characteristics: oil source and test operation table are arranged separately, low noise.In this paper, the key points of oil source design of hydraulic test bench are expounded one by one, so that a hydraulic test bench oil source with low noise, high energy efficiency and convenient regulation can be designed.

Key words: hydraulic test rig oil source; general; energy efficiency; adjust

液电混合挖掘机液压系统运行特性液电联合仿真分析

李有新

（青海高等职业技术学院机电工程系，青海海东810799）

摘要：利用动力学方法为挖掘机的运行结构建立相应的分析模型，以某20T液压挖掘机的设备参数作为参考依据，建立了整机模型与液压系统运行模型，通过SimulationX仿真软件测试了液压挖掘机铲斗与斗杆结构的运行过程。仿真结果得到：铲斗在初期阶段发生外伸还是被回收到初始所在的位置，到达斗杆内收阶段时发生了速度的明显波动，但幅度较小，当外摆过程快完成时，形成了波动性较大的斗杆液压缸速度。挖掘机运行特性试验，斗杆液压缸从0.8~5s时间内以一个稳定的速度进行伸出，到达8.5~14.3s之间时缩回，运行稳定验证了该液压系统设计的可靠。

关键词： 挖掘机；液压系统；运行特性；液电联合仿真

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0020-04

Hydraulic-electric Co-simulation Analysis of Hydraulic System Operation

Characteristics for Hydraulic Hybrid Excavator

LI You-xin

(Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai Higher Vocational And Technical College,Haidong810799, China)

Abstract: The dynamic method was used to establish the corresponding analysis model for the operating structure of the excavator. The operating model of the whole machine and the hydraulic system was established based on the equipment parameters of a 20-ton hydraulic excavator. The operating process of the bucket and bucket rod structure of the hydraulic excavator was tested by SimulationX simulation software. The simulation results show whether the bucket overshoots or is recovered to its original position in the initial stage. When it reaches the stage of bucket bar adduction, obvious fluctuation of speed occurs, but the amplitude is small.When the external pendulum process is almost complete, a fluctuating high speed of the bucket rod hydraulic cylinder is formed. The operation characteristic test of excavator shows that the bucket rod hydraulic cylinder stretches out at a stable speed from 0.8~5 s and retracted when it reaches 8.5~14.3 s. The stable operation proves the reliability of the hydraulic system design in this paper.

Key words: excavator; hydraulic system; operating characteristics; hydraulic-electric co-simulation

液压调平系统水平度变化因素分析

袁东¹，史辉云¹，张丽¹，刘向阳²，段培勇²

（1.山西航天清华装备有限责任公司，山西长治046012；

2.北京航天发射技术研究所，北京100076）

摘要：随着液压调平系统调平精度要求的提高，对调平结束后水平精度也有不超过一定变化范围的要求。由于油液的热涨冷缩特性、液压锁的渗漏使支腿液压缸活塞杆位移发生变化，对平台的水平度有较大的影响。针对油液的热胀冷缩、渗漏对平台水平度保持的影响进行分析，并提出减少水平度变化的改进措施。

关键词： 液压锁；水平度；液压系统；分析

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0024-03

Analysis on Levelness Change Factors of Hydraulic Leveling System

YUAN Dong¹，SHI Hui-yun¹，ZHANG Li¹，LIU Xiang-yang²，DUAN Pei-yong²

（1. Shanxi Aerospace QingHua Euipment Co., Ltd., Changzhi046012, China;

2. Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology, Beijing100076, China）

Abstract: With the improvement of levelness accuracy requirements in hydraulic leveling system, the levelness accuracy does not exceed the change requirements within a certain range. Due to the thermal expansion and cold contraction characteristics of hydraulic oil, leakage of hydraulic lock, make the displacement of the piston rod of leg hydraulic cylinder change, It has a great influence on the levelness of the platform. This paper analyzes the influence of these factors on maintaining the levelness of the platform, and puts forward some improvement measures to reduce the change of levelness.

Key words: hydraulic lock; levelness; hydraulic system; analysis

工程机械回转控制阀性能提升研究

张笑^1，2，李波³

Research on Performance Improvement of Construction Machinery Slewing Control Valve

ZHANG Xiao^1，2， LI Bo³

(1.江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司，江苏徐州221004;

2.高端工程机械智能制造国家重点实验室，江苏徐州221004; 3.徐州重型机械有限公司，江苏徐州221004）

摘要：以起重机开式回转系统为例，进行回转控制阀结构及性能提升设计，满足液控及电控手柄起重机先导控制要求，先导油源及泄油可以连接先导装置的任何一端，方便连接安装，增加了回转控制阀的适用性，借助于电比例溢流阀，可设定不同的缓冲溢流压力值，从而实现起重机不同负载工况下的启停缓冲功能。

关键词：回转系统；回转控制阀；缓冲；先导装置

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：B文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0027-02

新型高效水雾喷洒车喷洒系统设计与研究

杨茂芽¹，车胜创²，刘向红¹

Design and Research on Spraying System of New High-efficiency Water Mist Spraying Vehicle

YANG Mao-ya¹， CHE Sheng-chuang²， LIU Xiang-hong¹

（1.陕西国防工业职业技术学院,陕西西安710300；

2.长安大学,陕西西安710064）

摘要：为有效改善城市路面近空区域空气质量，该文基于水雾除尘理论和新形势下国家对环境净化新要求。通过对传统喷洒装置进行优劣势分析，并以降低城市路面近空区域固体颗粒物含量为目标，重点解决了新型高效水雾喷洒车喷洒系统的总体结构设计、管路系统设计和作业动作执行表设计等问题。实验结果表明，该新型水雾喷洒系统在城市路面近空区域空气质量净化方面，具有可降低近路面区域空气中固体颗粒物含量和避免喷洒作业时弄脏行人及车辆等显著优势，为后续同类产品的开发与设计提供了一定技术支持。

关键词： 喷洒车；水雾；喷洒系统；环境净化；设计

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：B文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0029-04

活塞式蓄能器不能开启的问题分析

王淮雨

（北京长征天民高科技有限公司，北京100023）

摘要：活塞式蓄能器是液压系统中常用的辅助元件。在液压系统中常用于减震或储能的作用。在实际应用中，活塞式蓄能器的油腔因为某种异常情况，出现了充油压力高，即活塞不能开启的情况，导致蓄能器功能失效。该文通过对故障产品进行了故障复现并技术分析，针对失效原因对产品进行了设计改进，有效地解决了不能开启的问题。

关键词： 活塞式蓄能器；开启；问题分析

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0032-03

Analysis of the Problem that the Piston Accumulator Cannot Be Opened

WANG Huai-yu

（Beijing Long March Tianmin High-tech Co., Ltd., Beijing100023, China）

Abstract: Piston accumulator is a common auxiliary component in hydraulic system. It is often used for shock absorption or energy storage in hydraulic system. In practical application, due to some abnormal conditions, the oil chamber of the piston accumulator has a high filling pressure, that is, the piston can not be opened, which leads to the failure of the accumulator function. In this paper, through the fault recurrence and technical analysis of the fault product, the design of the product is improved according to the failure reason, which effectively solves the problem that can not be opened.

Key words: piston accumulator; opening; problem analysis

一种弧形闸门充压式水封操作系统设计分析

段惠玲，王蒙

（太重集团榆次液压工业有限公司，山西榆次030600）

摘要：该文通过对充压式水封的结构简介，重点分析了充压式水封操作系统的设计可靠性，说明了充压式水封操作系统适用于水利水电工程中的高水头弧形闸门设备，控制原理简单可靠、操作方便快捷、有效减少闸门启闭力、止水效果良好。

关键词： 高水头；弧形闸门；充压式水封；操作系统；可靠性；设计分析

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0035-03

Design and Analysis of a Pressure-filled Water Sealing Operating System for Arc Gate

DUAN Hui-ling， WANG Meng

（Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Group Yuci Hydraulic Industry Co., Ltd., Yuci030600, China）

Abstract: Based on the brief introduction of the structure of the water seal, this paper analyzes the design reliability of the water seal operating system, and shows that the water seal operating system is suitable for the high head arc gate equipment in water conservancy and hydropower projects. The control principle is simple and reliable, the operation is convenient and quick, the opening and closing force of the gate is effectively reduced, and the sealing effect is good.

Key words: high head; arc gate; pressure-filled water seal; operating system; reliability; design analysis

一种无支腿高空作业车液压系统设计

刘军

（青岛中汽特种汽车有限公司，山东青岛266000）

摘要：针对现有无支腿高空作业车液压系统存在的问题，设计一种无支腿高空作业车液压系统，介绍改进后的液压系统工作原理和优点，通过理论分析和实际操作，验证了改进后液压系统的速度控制性能和安全性能有了很大的提高，同时该液压系统还增加了工具阀和工具接口，进一步扩展了整车液压系统的功能，满足了客户的需求。

关键词： 高空作业车；液压系统；速度控制；节能

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0037-03

Design of Hydraulic System for Aerial Working Vehicle without Outriggers

LIU Jun

(Qingdao Zhongqi Special Vehicle Co., Ltd., Qingdao266000, China)

Abstract: Aimed at the problems existing in the hydraulic system of the existing aerial working vehicle without outriggers, a hydraulic system for aerial working vehicle without outriggers is designed. The working principle and advantages of the improved hydraulic system are introduced. Through theoretical analysis and practical operation, it is verified that the speed control performance and safety performance of the improved hydraulic system have been greatly improved. At the same time, the tool valve and tool interface are added to the hydraulic system to further expand the function of the vehicle hydraulic system and meet the needs of  customers.

Key words: aerial working vehicle; hydraulic system; speed control; energy-saving

《液压与气动技术》课程教学资源建设

蔡国华，吴乃领，许晓琴

（盐城工学院机械工程学院， 江苏盐城224051）

摘要：为了提高《液压与气动技术》课程教学效果，该文基于液压泵阀类元件、液压与气动回路两大核心模块，探讨了在常规教学资料基础上，拓展优质教学资源的途径与具体措施。

关键词： 液压与气动技术；课程；教学资源；建设

中图分类号：TH137;TH138;G642.0文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0040-04

Teaching Resources Construction for “Hydraulic and Pneumatic Technology” Course

CAI Guo-hua, WU Nai-ling, XU Xiao-qin

（School of Mechanical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng224051, China）

Abstract: In order to improve teaching performance of “Hydraulic and Pneumatic Technology” Course, the implementing measures of high-quality teaching resources construction are analyzed for “hydraulic pumps and valves” and “hydraulic and pneumatic circuits” two major parts, besides of ordinary teaching materials.

Key words: hydraulic and pneumatic technology; course; teaching resources; construction

竹基复合材料管道脱模机液压系统设计

廉祥君^1,2，岳金成^1,2

（1.天水锻压机床(集团)有限公司国家认定企业技术中心，甘肃天水741020；

2.甘肃省制管装备自动化及信息化重点实验室，甘肃天水741020）

摘要： 竹基复合材料管道是一种以竹子为基材，以树脂为胶黏剂，采用缠绕的工艺方式加工成型的新型环保产品。脱模机是生产线关键设备，可以完成管道与模具的分离及输出，实现生产线的连续性。根据脱模机实际使用工况需求，设计了使脱模机生产连续成线的液压系。

关键词： 竹基复合材料；管道；脱模机；液压系统

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0043-03

The Hydraulic System Design of Bamboo Composite Pipe Mold Core Stripping Machine

LIAN Xiang-jun1,2 , YUE Jin-cheng1,2

(1. National Recognized Technical Center, Tianshui Metalforming Machine Tool (Group) Co., Ltd., Tianshui741020, China;

2. The Key Laboratory of Automation and Informationization of Pipe Manufacturing Apparatus of Gansu, Tianshui741020, China)

Abstract: Bamboo composite pipe is a new type of environmental protection product, which takes bamboo as the base material, resin as the adhesive, and adopts winding technology to process and shape. The mold stripping machine is the key equipment of the production line, which can realize the separation of the pipe from the mold, output of the pipe and the continuity of the production. According to the actual working condition of the stripper, a hydraulic system for the mold core stripping production line capable of continuous manufacturing is designed in the paper.

Key words: bamboo matrix material; pipeline; mold core stripping machine; hydraulic system

基于OPC技术的FluidSIM与GX Worsk2联合仿真

顾志刚¹，马晓明¹，卿宏军²

(1.常州纺织服装职业技术学院，江苏常州213164；

2.常州湖南大学机械装备研究院，江苏常州213164）

摘要：针对目前气动设备开发和教学过程中，三菱PLC程序调试必须结合气动实物进行开展的现状，描述了一种利用OPC技术，将常用气动教学软件FluidSIM和三菱PLC编程软件GX Works2进行联合仿真的方法。并通过一种四自由度机械手的仿真过程，验证了仿真的可行性。该方法能使自动化设备控制程序设计尽早开展，对提高生产效率，缩短开发周期有一定的借鉴意义；同时，该方法也能运用到相关的教学工作中，以解决实验设备数量不够，课堂效率低下等问题，也为学生在课后没有实物设备时，进行更进一步的学习提供了简便、可靠的实施方案，具有一定的参考价值。

关键词： OPC技术；气动系统；PLC编程；联合仿真

中图分类号：TH138；TH48文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0046-05

Co-simulation of FluidSIM and GX Worsk2 Based on OPC Technology

GU Zhi-gang¹， MA Xiao-ming¹，QING Hong-jun²

(1. Changzhou Textile Garment Institute，Changzhou213164, China；

2. HNU. Cooperation Technology，Changzhou213164, China)

Abstract: Aiming at the current situation of the development and teaching of pneumatic equipment, the Mitsubishi PLC program debugging must be carried out in combination with the actual development of pneumatic objects, a method of joint simulation of common pneumatic teaching software FluidSIM and Mitsubishi PLC programming software GX Works2 using OPC technology is described. The simulation process of a four-degree-of-freedom manipulator has verified the feasibility of visitors. This method enables the design of automation equipment control programs to be carried out as early as possible, and has certain reference significance for improving production efficiency and shortening the development cycle. At the same time, this method can also be applied to related teaching work to solve the shortage of experimental equipment and low classroom efficiency. These issues also provide a simple and reliable implementation solution for students to further study when they do not have physical equipment after class, and have certain reference value.

Key words: OPC technology; pneumatic system; PLC programming; co-simulation

飞机起落架液压收放系统故障诊断方法研究

杨超

（西安航空职业技术学院航空维修工程学院， 陕西西安710089）

摘要：针对飞机起落架的动态载荷导致液压收放系统发生功能失效的问题，在飞机起落架液压收放系统结构和动力学模型的基础上，采用基于模型和故障响应动态观测器的方法对飞机起落架液压收放系统进行故障诊断，并在飞机起落架液压收放系统故障管理实验台架上进行故障模拟，试验结果验证了故障诊断方法的准确性以及故障响应的鲁棒性。

关键词： 起落架；液压收放系统；动力学模型；动态观测器；故障诊断；故障模拟

中图分类号：TH137；V226.4文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0050-04

Research on Fault Diagnosis Method of Aircraft Landing

Gear Hydraulic Retraction and Release System

YANG Chao

(Aviation Maintenance Engineering College, Xi'an Aviation Vocational and Technical College, Xi'an 710089, China)

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the dynamic load of the aircraft landing gear causes the function failure of the hydraulic retraction and release system, based on the structure and dynamic model of the aircraft landing gear hydraulic retraction and release system, the fault diagnosis of the aircraft landing gear hydraulic retraction and release system is carried out by using the model-based and fault response dynamic observer method, and the fault management experiment platform of the aircraft landing gear hydraulic retraction and release system is established The test results verify the accuracy of the fault diagnosis method and the robustness of the fault response.

Key words: landing gear; hydraulic retraction system; dynamic model; dynamic observer; fault diagnosis; fault simulation

电液混合驱动机械臂故障检测技术研究

淮妮，张小粉

（咸阳职业技术学院机电学院，陕西西安712000）

摘要：电液混合驱动机械臂是一个多节点耦合的机械自动化装置，针对电液混合驱动系统故障导致机械臂工作不稳定的问题，在机械臂系统结构和动力学模型基础上，设计状态观测器分别观测电驱动和液压驱动系统的动作状态，利用主从式故障检测拓扑结构来检测电液混合驱动系统的故障，在搭建的电液混合驱动机械臂故障检测实验台架通过故障阈值标定技术验证采用的故障检测技术的可行性，实验结果表明所设计的故障检测技术能够快速准确的检测出机械臂工作阶段的故障。

关键词： 电液混合驱动；机械臂；状态观测器；故障检测；标定技术

中图分类号：TH137;TP241文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0053-04

Research on Fault Detection Technology of Electro Hydraulic Hybrid Drive Manipulator

HUAI Ni, ZHANG Xiao-fen

(College of Mechanical Electrical of Xianyang Vocational Technical College, Xi'an712000, China)

Abstract: The electro-hydraulic hybrid drive manipulator is a multi node coupling mechanical automation device. Aiming at the problem that the fault of the electro-hydraulic hybrid drive system leads to the instability of the manipulator, a state observer is designed based on the structure and dynamic model of the manipulator system to observe the action state of the electric drive system and the hydraulic drive system respectively, and the distributed fault detection topology is used to detect the fault In order to solve the fault of the electro-hydraulic hybrid drive system, the feasibility of the fault detection technology is verified by the fault threshold calibration technology in the built electro-hydraulic hybrid drive manipulator fault detection experimental platform. The experimental results show that the designed fault detection technology can quickly and accurately detect the fault of the manipulator in the working stage.

Key words: electro-hydraulic hybrid drive; manipulator; state observer; fault detection; calibration technology

液压猫头高低扭矩转换故障分析与处理

赵伟，孙龙林

（中石化海洋石油工程有限公司上海钻井分公司，上海201208）

摘要：液压猫头是钻井平台重要设备，某平台使用的是AKER配套产品，自动化程度高，安全性能好，但相应增加了复杂的控制系统，且出于技术保密，资料上未详细介绍控制原理，给平台处理故障增加了困难。

关键词： 液压猫头；偶发；高低扭矩切换；分析

中图分类号：TH137.1文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0057-02

Fault Analysis and Treatment of High and Low Torque Conversion for Hydraulic Cathead

ZHAO Wei, SUN Long-lin

(Sinopec Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai Drilling Company, Shanghai201208, China)

Abstract: The hydraulic cathead is an important equipment of the drilling platform. A platform uses the Aker supporting products with high degree of automation and good safety performance. However, a complex control system is added correspondingly. Due to the technical confidentiality, the control principle is not introduced in detail in the data, which makes it difficult for the platform to deal with faults.

Key words: hydraulic cathead; accidental; high and low torque switching; analysis

某双卷扬机构异常动作故障分析与处理

许路，孙大源，程斐，杨堃

（北京航天发射技术研究所，北京100076）

摘要：针对某双卷扬机构左侧卷扬动作异常故障问题，进行了故障树分析，查明了先导阀阀体内的金属多余物导致阀芯卡滞，造成二通插装阀不封油的故障，同时利用能谱法分析了多余物成分并确定其来源，最后对卷扬液压系统提出维护建议，提升了该卷扬机构使用安全性。

关键词： 双卷扬机构；异常动作；多余物；故障分析

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0059-03

Fault Analysis of Winch Abnormal Motion for a Windlass

XU Lu, SUN Da-yuan, CHENG Fei, YANG Kun

(Beijing Space Launch Technology Institute, Beijing100076, China)

Abstract: To solve the fault problem of the left winch abnormal motion for a windlass, the falt tree method has been used. The reason of the abnormal motion is that the elctromagnetic valve is been blocked up by a metal pellet. The spool of the elctromagnetic valve cannot been closed and then the pressure oil drive the left motor turning round through the valve. Through the scanning electron microscope, the metal pellet component is proved with the same as the elctromagnetic valve. And the maintaion advices of the winch hydraulic have been presented, and the using safety of the windlass can been enhanced.

Key words: two winches; abnormal motion; pellet; fault analysis

基于pso_FSVM的输送机液压张紧装置系统故障预测

陈祥芬

（咸阳职业技术学院机电学院， 陕西西安712000）

摘要：液压张紧装置系统的安全是输送机运行的保障。针对输送机液压张紧装置系统的故障类型复杂，诊断难度大的问题，在输送机液压张紧装置的系统结构和数学模型基础上，重构系统故障诊断拓扑结构，采用支持向量机的粒子群算法来预测液压张紧装置系统的故障，最后在NI测控平台对系统故障预测算法进行了验证，实验结果表明，采用的故障预测方法能够实时提高系统的故障预测效率，提升了液压张紧装置系统的稳定性。

关键词： 液压张紧装置；输送机；拓扑结构；支持向量机；粒子群

中图分类号：TH137；V233文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0062-04

Fault Prediction of Conveyor Hydraulic Tension Device System Based on pso_FSVM

CHEN Xiang-fen

(College of Mechanical Electrical of Xianyang Vocational Technical College, Xi'an712000, China)

Abstract: The safety of hydraulic tension device system is the guarantee of conveyor operation. Aiming at the problem of complex fault types and difficult diagnosis of conveyor hydraulic tensioning device system, based on the system structure and mathematical model of conveyor hydraulic tensioning device, the topological structure of system fault diagnosis is reconstructed, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm of support vector machine is used to predict the fault of hydraulic tensioning device system. Finally, the system fault prediction algorithm is analyzed on NI measurement and control platform The experimental results show that the fault prediction method can improve the fault prediction efficiency of the system in real time and enhance the stability of the hydraulic tension device system.

Key words: hydraulic tensioning device; conveyor; topology; support vector machine; particle swarm optimization

基于“小精灵”杠杆夹紧模块的五面加工夹具

高新新^1,2,窦云霞^1,2,3

(1.苏州普来可瑞机电技术有限公司，江苏苏州215143；

2.苏州劳灵精密机械有限公司，江苏苏州215143；

3.苏州大学机电工程学院，江苏苏州215006)

摘要：箱体类长方体零件一次装夹可加工5个表面，但是传统液压/气动夹紧装置占用空间较大，对于需要夹持箱体内腔有空间限制要求的就无能为力了。创新设计出一种“小精灵”杠杆夹紧模块，由于其体积比传统产品减小近一半，克服了上述技术缺陷。此外，创新设计的杠杆夹紧模块单纯板式联接，摒弃了传统缸体的后端盖，质量轻、加工工艺简单、大大节约了制造成本。

关键词： 五面加工；杠杆；夹紧；作动模块；占用空间

中图分类号：TH137；TG757文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0066-02

Five Surface Processing Fixture with Flexible Lever Clamping Module

GAO Xin-xin^1,2， DOU Yun-xia^1,2,3

(1. Suzhou Player-Creater Mechanical and Electrical Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou215143, China;

2. Suzhou Raoing Precision Machinery Co., Ltd., Suzhou215143, China;

3. School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou215006, China)

Abstract: Box cuboid parts can be clamped to process five surfaces at a time, but the traditional hydraulic/pneumatic clamping device takes up a large space, so it can't do anything for those who need to clamp the box with space limitation. The innovative design of a “gnome” lever clamping module overcomes the above technical defects because its volume is 44 percent smaller than that of traditional products. In addition, the innovative design of the lever clamping module simple plate type connection, abandoned the traditional cylinder block of the rear end cover, light quality, simple processing technology, greatly reduce the manufacturing cost.

Key words: five surface processing; lever; clamp; actuating module; occupied space

利用可控储气回流技术的单作用液压缸

李志红，陈星，孔园园，郭晛

Single Acting Hydraulic Cylinder with Controllable Gas Storage and Back-flow Technology

LI Zhi-hong, CHEN Xing, KONG Yuan-yuan, GUO Jian

（蚌埠液力机械有限公司，安徽蚌埠233030）

摘要： 单作用液压缸作为液压系统的不可或缺的执行元件，单作用活塞液压缸可分为柱塞式液压缸和活塞式液压缸，两种结构都比较简单，活塞式液压缸与柱塞式液压缸相比较，活塞式液压缸体积较小，重量较轻。由于活塞式单作用液压缸结构的限制，在液压缸的活塞杆伸出的过程中，有杆腔被压缩，有杆腔内压力上升。在液压缸的活塞杆缩回的过程中，有杆腔空间增大，产生负压。有杆腔的压力增加或者降低都会影响到单作用活塞液压缸的正常工作，因此为了更好地保证液压缸腔压力变化在合理的范围内，必须设计辅助结构，来控制有杆腔压力的变化，但是现有的结构都有其难以避免的缺点。

关键词：储气；单作用；液压缸

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：B文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0068-02

基于AMESim的A10VNO泵内泄漏故障注入分析

张静，胡忠全，张思涵，张超勇

（兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州730050）

摘要：根据A10VNO斜盘式轴向柱塞泵的工作原理，在AMESim中建立柱塞泵仿真模型，并对仿真模型进行了改进。以柱塞副的偏心环缝间隙为研究对象，分析柱塞泵内泄漏的原因。利用故障注入技术的思想，将AMESim中BAF02泄漏子模型的径向间隙作为影响泵内泄漏主要参数。通过改变柱塞副环缝间隙的大小仿真得到压力、流量曲线，从而实现柱塞泵的内泄漏故障注入，最终得到故障样本数据。

关键词： A10VNO泵；故障注入技术；内泄漏；AMESim仿真

中图分类号：TH137文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0069-05

Analysis of Leakage Fault Injection for A10VNO Pump Based on AMESim

ZHANG Jing, HU Zhong-quan, ZHANG Si-han, ZHANG Chao-yong

（College of Energy and Power Engineering， Lanzhou Univ. of Tech.， Lanzhou730050, China）

Abstract: According to the working principle of A10VNO swash plate axial piston pump, the simulation model of piston pump is established in AMESim, and the simulation model is improved. Takeing the eccentric annular gap of the pistionr-cylinder pair as the research object, and analyze the causes of the leakage in the pistion pump. Using the idea of fault injection technology, The radial gap of the BAF02 leakage sub-model in AMESim is taken as the main parameter affecting the leakage in the pump. The pressure and flow curves are obtained by changing the gap size of the annular gap of the pistion-cylinder pair, so as to achieve the internal leakage fault injection of the piston pump, and finally get the fault sample data.

Key words: A10VNO pump； fault injection technology； internal leakage； AMESim simulation

液压缸缸筒总成气密性检测探究

徐林锋^1，2，陈巨源²

（1.南开大学商学院，天津300400；

2.卡斯特姆液压天津有限公司，天津300400）

摘要：液压缸的密封性能是衡量液压缸品质的一项关键指标。密封性主要体现在是否存在泄漏，包括内泄漏和外泄漏，影响泄漏的因素有很多，诸如液压密封件选用是否合适是否损坏，活塞、缸筒内壁、活塞杆和导向套的加工精度是否达标，液压油液的清洁度等等，都已有相关研究，并取得了有益成果。但关于液压缸筒总成气密性的研究还比较少，缸筒总成中包括很多的焊缝，其材料本身是否存在缺陷，都将导致液压缸泄漏。因此对液压缸筒总成进行气密性检测是很有必要的，能够在液压缸总装之前发现缸筒是否存在漏点以便采取措施，杜绝总装试验后的拆卸导致的一系列人工费，报废等情况出现，有效提高液压缸生产效率。

关键词： 液压缸密封性；泄漏；气密性；生产效率

中图分类号：TH137；TB42文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0074-03

Study on Air Tightness Test of Hydraulic Cylinder Body Assembly

XU Lin-feng^1,2, CHEN Ju-yuan²

（1. School of Business, Nankai University, Tianjin300400, China;

2. Custom Hoists Hydraulics Tianjin Co., Ltd., Tianjin300400, China）

Abstract: The sealing performance is a key quality index of hydraulic cylinder. Sealing is mainly manifested in whether there is a leakage, including internal and external leakage. there are many factors that can influence the leakage, such as whether the seal is suitable or damaged, whether the machining accuracy of the piston, the inner wall of cylinder, the piston rod and the stuffing box is up to standard. And the cleanliness of hydraulic oil, etc. Relevant studies have been carried out and beneficial results have been obtained. However, the study on the air tightness of the hydraulic cylinder body assembly is still relatively few. The cylinder body assembly includes a lot of welds, and defects in the material itself will lead to the leakage. Therefore, it is necessary to test the air tightness of the hydraulic cylinder body assembly. The leakage points can be find out before the final assembly of the hydraulic cylinder, so that can put an end to a series of labour costs and scrap by disassembly after the final cylinder test, effectively improve the production efficiency of the hydraulic cylinder.

Key words: sealing performance of hydraulic cylinder; leakage; air tightness; production efficiency

基于ANSYS Workbench的某柱塞泵结合面渗漏油故障分析

吴茂民，冯德刚，徐荣，汪东升

（中航力源液压股份有限公司，贵州贵阳550018）

摘要：针对某柱塞泵结合面渗漏油问题，分析了影响结合面渗漏油的因素，应用ANSYS Workbench建立有限元模型进行非线性仿真分析，获得分油盖与壳体接触面的接触面压。结果表明，结合面受力不均匀，面压较低区域为故障泵渗漏油处。通过试验测得结合面的压力分布，其结果与仿真分析高度一致，从而证明了仿真分析的准确性。其方法可为后续结构优化提供指导，也可为类似产品故障诊断和正向设计提供参考和借鉴。

关键词： 柱塞泵；渗漏油；密封；面压

中图分类号：TH137;TB42文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0077-04

Fault Diagnosis of Oil Leakage on the Contact Surface of the Piston

Pump Based on ANSYS Workbench

WU Mao-min，FENG De-gang，XU Rong，WANG Dong-sheng

（AVIC Liyuan Hydraulic Inc., Guiyang550018, China）

Abstract: Considering the oil leakage on the contact surface of the axial piston pump, the factors affecting the oil leakage were analyzed. Finite element model was established to simulate nonlinear character by ANSYS Workbench. The pressure of contact surface was presented between the valve plate and the housing. The results show that the pressure on the contact surface is uneven. The area where the surface pressure is low is where the faulty pump leaks. The pressure distribution of the contact surface is measured through the experiment, and the result is highly consistent with the simulation analysis. This proves the accuracy of the simulation analysis. The method can provide guidance for subsequent structural optimization. It can also provide reference to fault diagnosis and forward design for similar product.

Key words: piston pump； oil leakage； seal； contact pressure

螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封性能理论分析与数值模拟

贺鹏程

（湖南文理学院机械工程学院，湖南常德415000）

摘要：密封端面液膜压力分布情况是阻止密封泄漏的关键因素。采用Pro/E wildfire软件建立上游泵送机械密封几何模型，使用Fluent软件进行三维数值模拟，得到压力分布规律，利用Muijderman无限窄槽理论对动静环端面膜压分布规律进行求解，并与数值模拟结果进行比对，两种方法得到的结论一致，螺旋槽外槽根处存在最大静压，内外径存在一定压差，会产生动压效应，迫使流体被泵送至上游端，有效实现密封。

关键词： 上游泵送；机械密封；理论计算；三维数值模拟

中图分类号：TB42文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0080-04

Theoretical Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Upstream Pumping

Mechanical Sealing Performance

HE Peng-cheng

(College of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde415000, China)

Abstract: The pressure distribution of liquid film on the seal face is the key factor to prevent seal leakage. The geometric model of upstream pumping mechanical seal was made by Pro/E wildfire, Three-dimensional numerical simulation was based on Fluent. pressure distribution was obtained. The numerical results were compared with the theoretical calculation which deduced by Muijderman infinite narrow groove theory, and they agree well with each other. The results indicate that the most static pressure locates in the out root of spiral groove, and the pressure difference between the inner and outer diameter will produce the dynamic pressure effect, forcing the fluid to be pumped to the upstream end, thus effectively realizing the sealing.

Key words: upstream pumping; mechanical seal; theoretical calculation; 3-D numerical simulation

气密性检测设备在液力变矩器上的应用

蒯正龙

（蚌埠液力机械有限公司，安徽蚌埠233030）

摘要：气密性检测试验作为液力变矩器生产的关键工艺，决定着液力变矩器产品的可靠性及性能的稳定性。该文提出一种气密性检测专机，配合定位机构实现变矩器气密性检测自动化，不仅降低了操作者的劳动强度，同时提高变矩器气密性检测效率，保证变矩器的整机的可靠性及性能的稳定性。

关键词： 气密性检测；劳动强度；检测效率；液力变矩器

中图分类号：TH137;TB42文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0084-03

Application of Air Tightness Testing Equipment in Hydraulic Torque Converter

KUAI Zheng-long

(Bengbu Hydraulic Machinery Co., Ltd., Bengbu233030， China)

Abstract: The air tightness test is a key process in the production of torque converters, which determines the reliability and performance stability of the torque converter. This paper proposes a special air-tightness testing machine that cooperates with the positioning mechanism to realize the automation of torque converter air-tightness detection, which not only reduces the labor intensity of the operator, but also improves the efficiency of torque converter air-tightness detection and ensures the reliability and performance stability of the torque converter.

Key words: air tightness testing; labor intensity; testing efficiency; hydraulic torque converter

运五飞机起落架减震支柱渗漏故障研究

朱金华，刘建辉，崔明迁

（空军93199部队飞机修理厂，黑龙江五常150223）

摘要：运五飞机起落架是不可收放、固定式结构，减震支柱通过填充氮气-油液来实现减震功能，在飞机着落和滑行中承受较大的冲击载荷。减震支柱漏油、漏气是飞机的常见故障，准确筛查漏油、漏气部位，才能确定漏油、漏气原因。通过分析飞机主起落架系统的结构组成原理，故障现象及其原因，准确判断故障根源，经过反复试验，取得装配中的准确数据，提高故障排除效率，制订有效预防措施。从而提高主起落架系统维护的可靠性，保证飞机运行安全。

关键词： 减震支柱；渗漏；故障原因；排除方法

中图分类号：TB42；V226文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0086-04

Study on Leakage Fault of Landing Gear Shock Absorption Strut of Yun-5 Aircraft

ZHU Jin-hua，LIU Jian-hui，CUI Ming-qian

（The Aircraft Repair Plant of 93199 Air Force Unit, Wuchang150223， China）

Abstract: The landing gear of Yunwu aircraft is a non retractable and fixed structure, shock absorption strut is filled with nitrogen oil to achieve the shock absorption function, it bears large impact load during landing and taxiing of aircraft. Oil leakage and air leakage of shock absorption strut are common faults of aircraft, accurate screening of oil and gas leakage parts, to determine the cause of oil and gas leakage. By analyzing the structure and principle of aircraft main landing gear system, fault phenomena and causes, accurately determine the root cause of the fault, after repeated tests, get accurate data in assembly, improve troubleshooting efficiency, formulate effective preventive measures. So as to improve the maintenance reliability of the main landing gear system, ensure the safety of aircraft operation.

Key words: shock absorption strut; leakage; fault cause; exclusion method

机械密封实验装置研究进展

金良¹，孙见君²，冯飞¹，冯秀¹

（1.南京科技职业学院,江苏南京210048；2.南京林业大学,江苏南京210037）

摘要：性能优异的实验装置是检验和研发机械密封的基础。结合机械密封实验标准，归纳总结了实验装置的各项功能要求与主要系统组成，分析了现有的端面温度、端面摩擦扭矩、端面膜厚、端面膜压的测量方法，指出了实验装置在测试技术、寿命预测、机械密封追随性上存在的问题，提出了今后一段时期实验装置测试技术、机械密封寿命预测与追随性理论研究和实验技术的努力方向。这对开发出性能优异、功能齐全的机械密封实验装置具有引导意义。

关键词： 机械密封；实验装置；测量技术；寿命预测；追随性

中图分类号：TB42文献标志码：A文章编号：1008-0813（2021）07-0090-07

Research Progress of Mechanical Seal Testing Device

JIN Liang¹, SUN Jian-jun², FENG Fei¹, FENG Xiu¹

(1. Nan Jing Polytechnic Institute, Nanjing210048, China;

2. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Nanjing Forestry University,

Nanjing210037, China)

Abstract:  The experimental device with excellent performance is the basis for testing and developing mechanical seals. Combined with the testing standard of mechanical seals, the main components and functional requirements of the experimental device were summarized. The existing measurement methods of the end face temperatures, friction torques, film thickness and film pressures were analyzed. The problems around the testing technology, life prediction and mechanical seal follow-up of the testing device were pointed out. The research direction of testing technology, mechanical seal life prediction and follow-up theoretical research in the future was put forward. This has guiding significance for developing the mechanical seal experimental device with excellent performance and complete function.

Key words: mechanical seals; testing device; testing technique; lifetime prediction; tracing ability